The Classification And Description Of Speech Sounds English Language Essay

The Classification And Description Of Speech Sounds English Language Essay Speech sounds are broadly divided into two categories, namely, Vowels and Consonants. If we say the English word shoe, we realize that this word is made up of two sounds, one represented by the letter sh and the letter oe. When we produce the word represented the letter sh slowly, we realize that during the production this sound, the air escapes through the mouth freely and we do not hear any friction. The sound that is represented by the letter sh in the word shoe is a consonant and the sound represented by the letters oe in the word shoe is Vowel. (All sounds during the production of which we hear friction are consonants, but not all consonants are produced with friction). This will be discussed under the type of consonants in this chapter. If we say the words she, shoe, shy, show, ship and shout, we will realize that when we produce the sounds represented by the letters e, oe, y, ow,i and ou in these words, the air escapes through the mouth freely without any friction. All these sounds are therefore vowels but each one of them sounds different form the others. These sounds should therefore be sub-classified. Similarly, if we say the words shoe, see, zoo, and who, we will hear friction during production of the sounds represented by the letters sh, s, z and wh. All the se sounds are therefore consonants. But once again we will see that each of them sounds different from the others. The sounds that are called consonants also need to be sub-classified. In the chapter we will take up the classification and description of consonants. To describe a consonant sound, we need certain important pieces of information. We need to know the following regarding its production: the air stream mechanism; the state of the glottis; the position of the soft-palate; the active articulator; the passive articulator; the stricture involved. Let us discuss these in some detail. The air -stream mechanism: All English sounds (vowels as well as consonants) are produced with a pulmonic egressive air-stream mechanism, i.e., lung-air pushed out. The state of glottis; Speech sounds can be classified voiceless or voiced, depending upon whether the vocal cords are wide apart and the glottis is wide open (voiceless) or the vocal cords are kept loosely together and they vibrate (voiced). The position of the soft-palate; Speech sounds can be classified as oral or nasal, depending upon whether the soft-palate is raised so as to shut off the nasal passage of air (oral) or it is lowered to open the nasal passage of air simultaneously with an oral closure (nasal). Sounds can also be nasalized. And (e) The active and passive articulators: Of the various articulations described, at least two are required for the production of any speech sound; some articulators move during the production of speech sounds. These are termed active articulators. Certain other articulators remain passive and the active articulators move in the direction of these. These are termed passive articulator. The lower tip and the tongue are the active articulators. The upper lip and the entire roof of the mouth are the passive articulators. It should be remembered, however, that the upper lip and the soft palate are capable of independent movement; but when either of these is one of the articulators involved in the production of a sound, it is always the other articulator (the lower lip in the case of the upper lip and the back of the tongue in the case of the soft palate) that moves towards these. So the upper lip and the soft palate are considered passive articulators. The stricture involved: The term stricture refers to the way in which the passage of air is restricted by the various organs of speech. Let us study the various types of strictures in detail. Complete closure and sudden release: The stricture may be one of complete closure, i.e., the active articulators come into firm contact with each other, thus preventing the lung-air from escaping through the mouth. Simultaneously there is a velic closure, i.e., the soft palate is raised, thereby shutting off the nasal passage of air. Thus the lung-air blocked in the mouth. When the oral closure is released, i.e., when the active articulator is suddenly removed from the passive articulator, the air escapes with a small explosive noise. Sounds produced with a stricture of complete closure and sudden releases are called Plosive. The initial sounds in the English word pin, bin, tin, din, kin, and gun are plosives. Complete closure and sudden release: If after blocking the oral and the nasal passages of air, the oral closure is removed slowly, i.e., if the active articulator is removed slowly from the passive articulator, instead of the explosive noise that is characteristic of plosive consonants, friction will be heard. Sounds that are produced with a stricture of complete closure and slow release are called Affricatives. The initial sounds in the English word chin and jam are affricate consonants. Complete oral closure: the active and passive articulators are in firm contact with each other, thereby blocking off the oral passage of air completely. But the soft palate is lowered so that there is a velic opening, i.e., the nasal passage of air is opened. The lung-air will then escape through the nostrils freely. Sounds that are articulated with a stricture of complete oral closure are called Nasals. The final sounds in the English words sum, sun, and sung are some examples of nasal consonants. Intermittent closure: The soft palate is raised, thereby shutting off the nasal passage of air. The active articulator strikes against the passive articulator several times with the result that the air escapes between the active and passive articulators intermittently. Such a stricture is termed intermitted closure. Sounds that are articulated with a stricture of intermittent closure are called trills or rolled consonants. The letter r in English words like red and ran is pronounced as a trill by most Scottish people. For some consonants the active articulator strikes against the passive articulator just once and then quickly flaps forward. Such consonants are called taps or flaps. The letter r in very is pronounced as a tap by some English people. Close approximation: The active articulator is brought so close to the passive articulator that there is a very narrow gap between them. The soft palate is raised so as to shut off the nasal passage of air. The lung-air escapes through the narrow space between the active and passive articulators, producing audible friction. Sounds that are articulated with a stricture of close approximation are called Fricatives. The initial sounds in the English word five, vine, thin, then, sip, zip, sheep and hat are fricatives. Partial closure: the active and passive articulators are in firm contact with each other. The soft palate is raised, thereby shutting off the nasal passage of air. If the sides of the tongue are lowered so that there is plenty of gap between the sides of the tongue and the upper molar teeth, the air will escape along the sides of the tongue without any friction. Sounds that are articulated with a stricture of complete closure in the centre of the vocal tract but with the air escaping along the sides of the tongue without any friction are called laterals. The initial sound in the English word love is a lateral. Open approximation: The soft palate is raised, thereby shutting off the nasal passage of air. If the active articulator is brought close to the passive articulator so that the gap between them is wide the air will escape through this gap without any friction. Sounds that are articulated with a stricture of open approximation are called frictionless continuants and semi vowels. In fact Peter Ladefoged uses the term approximants to refer to sounds that are articulated with a stricture of open approximation. Having looked in detail at the six points referred to at beginning of this chapter; let us describe some consonant sounds with reference to the six points. The sound represented by the letter p in the English word spy: The air stream mechanism is pulmonic egresssive. The vocal cords are drawn apart. The glottis is open. The sound is voiceless. The soft palate is raised and the nasal passage of air is shut off completely. The sound is oral. The active articulator is the upper lip. The passive articulator is the lower lip. The stricture is one of complete closure and sudden release the sound articulated is a plosive. The sound represented by the letter s in the English word spy: The air-stream mechanism is pulmonic egressive. The vocal cords are drawn apart. The glottis is wide open. The sound is voiceless. The soft palate is raised and the nasal passage of air is shut off completely. The sound is oral. The active articulator is the blade of the tongue. The passive articulator is the teeth ridge. The stricture is one of close approximation. The sound articulated is a fricative. The sound represented by the letter n in the English word finger: The air-stream mechanism is pulmonic egressive. The vocal cords are kept loosely together. They vibrate and the sound is voiced. The soft palate is lowered. The nasal passage of air is open. The sound is nasal. The active articulator is the back of the tongue. The passive articulator is the soft palate. The stricture is one of complete oral closure. The sound articulated is a nasal. The sound represented by the letter v in the English word vine: The air-stream mechanism is pulmonic egressive. The vocal cords are kept loosely together. They vibrate and the sound is voiced. The soft palate is raised and the nasal passage of air is shut off completely. The sound is oral. The active articulator is the lower lip. The passive articulators are the upper front teeth. The stricture is one of close approximation. The sound articulated is a fricative. Three-term labels: Consonants are described using three-term labels. The three term refer to (a ) the state of glottis, (b)the place of articulation and (c) the manner of articulation. The three terms should be arranged in the order in which they have been listed above. Some consonants are described below with three-term labels. The letter p in the English word spy represents a voiceless bilabial plosive. The letter d in the English word dear represents a voiced alveolar plosive. The letter k in the English word sky represents a voiceless velar plosive. The letter ch in the English word cheap represents a voiceless palate-alveolar affricative. The letter m in the English word mat represents a voiced bilabial nasal. The letter n in the English word finger represents a voiced velar nasal. The letter y in the English word yes represents a voiced palatal approximant. (Semi-vowel).

Caring for the individuals with dementia

Currently, incidences of disruptive behavioural problems such as agitation, aggression, rest-activity pattern and sleep wake disturbance are reported to be high in people with dementia. The specific determinants of disruptive behaviour are still unclear but predisposing factors are considered to be associated with the external factors such as the negative staff attitudes and environment. Actually, disruptive behaviour is an umbrella that describes behaviours such as throwing objects, hoarding, resisting care, self abuse, wandering, repetitious verbalization, aggression and general agitation.Prevalence of aggressive behaviour has been considered as a subset of disruptive behaviour among individuals with dementia in long-term care facilities as 86. 3% has been reported. (Ryder et al. 1991). According to studies on cognitively intact residents and residents with dementia, shows a consistently higher prevalence of behaviours. This paper presents research literature to support the role of a positive environment including attitudes and staff interaction in the aggressive individuals with dementia.Importance of a positive environment including staff interaction and attitudes towards the aggressive individuals with dementia Environment has been increasingly recognized as a significant therapeutic element in care of individuals with dementia. In the last decade, it has been realized that environment plays a significant role in reducing the disruptive behaviour, increasing the functional ability of the individuals with dementia, as well as improving their quality of life.Problem behaviour in dementia is associated with deficits in the executive control functions of the frontal lobe. However, complex behaviours seen in individuals with dementia are as a result of multiple, over-learned routines the environmental stimuli triggers. The executive control functions orchestrate the routines into coherent goal-directed behaviours which in turn contribute to the expression of th e required habitual response while limiting the unrequited responses.It therefore means that failure of executive control function leads to distractibility and overdependence on environmental factors or can even lead to apathy and environmental indifferences. However in any case modification of social and physical environment can reduce behaviours that are not required and can elicit the desired behaviours effectively. Moreover, environment is the major component in progressively lowered stress threshold model. (Sife, 1998).Subject to the model, since the ability to adapt in individuals with dementia declines as the dementia progresses, the care givers should reduce the environmental demands to ensure that the level of the environmental demands is congruent with the abilities of individuals with dementia. Basically, disruptive behaviours are more often when the stress threshold of an individual is exceeded. Most of the intervention strategies given in the literature engage manipulat ion of physical and social environments to meet the unique needs and personalities of individuals with dementia.Following the recognition of the important role of environment to individuals with dementia, many long-term care facilities have come up with special care units that give a total supportive milieu for them. Following the increase of such special care units design guidelines such as recommendation for both social and physical environments have been developed to ensure that the environment provided by the facilities enhanced the well-being and personhood of individuals with dementia.(Morgan & Stewart1997). However, since there is no empirical data, the special care unit design manuals are based on extrapolations and clinical experience. Predictability and structure are the important aspects of the environment in which individuals with dementia live. The daily routines that reflect the rhythm of the society are predictable, and with a chance to rest and opportunity for activi ty, individuals are kept in touch, thus promoting their well being.Patient-centred dementia care is the recommended approach in caring individuals with dementia as it focuses on independence, it is value-driven, and it is concerned with the empowerment and well being of individuals with dementia and their families. Moreover the patient-centred care makes the individuals to feel socially confident, valued and supported thus creating personhood which is described by Kitwood (1997a) as a status that is bestowed in individuals by others within the society in the context of social being and relationship.Care for the individuals with dementia should focus on maintaining the personhood in the face of the individuals whose mental powers is failing. (Kitwood, 1996). Paying attention to personhood involves recognizing the centrality of the relationship and the uniqueness of the individuals as well as the fact of the embodiment. It therefore means that dementia care that is only involved with the dementia as the disease and its treatment has nothing to do with the patient’s personhood, damages the patient, and treats as a passive object rather than a human being.Patient-centred dementia care is recommended as it is based on the ethic that regardless of disabilities, all human beings have absolute value and need to be respected, and on the convictions that just like all other human beings, people with dementia are capable of living a fulfilling live. (Kitwood, 1999). The principle central to patient-centred dementia care is that the life experience of the individuals, their network relationships and unique personalities should be valued and considered with constant attention by the staff giving the care.This is based on the observation that once dementia is presentation it can never be reduced to the neuropathological damage effects, instead, it is a combination of factors such as social psychology, neurological impairment, physical health, biography and personalit y. Focusing on the losses or deterioration of the patients with dementia reinforces negative perceptions, progression of dementia and its treatment. Based on several studies, self-esteem is considered as a necessity for the well being of individuals with dementia. (Thorngate, 1999).Patient-centred dementia care is concerned with establishment and maintenance of positive and supportive social environment for individuals with dementia. In the context of this care, the personhood of the individuals is established through strengthening of the individuals positive feelings, promoting the healing of psychic wound and nurturing the individuals skills or abilities. Generation and sustenance of positive interaction used singly or together, secure and stable relations, replenishes the personhood of individuals with dementia constantly.Some of the psychotherapeutic techniques that promote these relationships include: facilitation which involves providing the missing parts of action to enable t he individuals to do what they would not have done, holding which involve providing physical and psychological space for the individuals to expose vulnerability and tension, and validation which involves the accepting reality – the fact that they have dementia- and the feeling of being connected, alive and real.Actually, caring for individuals with dementia possess challenges to the care giver in all environments probably because the condition is characterized by progressive brain damage making creating difficulties in their communication, remembering things and to think clearly. Because dementia is associated with swing s in moods, and changes in behaviour and personality, the staff and other care providers should develop positive attitudes when dealing with the troubling behaviour such as aggressiveness and communication difficulties encountered while providing the care.Aggressive behaviour among individuals with dementia continues to burden and challenge the caregivers in special care units and nursing homes. It therefore means that working in such facilities increases the risks of experiencing aggression. Actually, aggression is associated with older people with cognitive impairment than individuals with no cognitive behaviour. The staffs in long-term care facility and nursing home are required to set a positive mood for interaction. The body language and attitude communicates the thought and feeling of an individual better than words.The positive mood is set by speaking to the individuals in a respectful and pleasant way. To show affection and to convey message, the staff should use tone of voice and facial expression. Studies show both positive and negative attitude of staff towards the aggressive behaviour of individuals with dementia. These two domains are consistent with the theory of planned behaviour which suggests that attitudes follow from the beliefs held by individuals about the attitude’s object just as actions and intentions foll ow from attitudes.(Ajzen, 1998, p. 32). Although the personality traits and attitudes are similar in a way, attitudes are more malleable and they can change unlike the personality traits. This means that although most of the caregivers’ attitudes toward aggressive individuals with dementia are negative, they can be changed through appropriate training. Negative and positive attitudes are associated with various forms of care used to prevent the aggressive behaviour from continuing.Acknowledging the relationship between care for individuals with dementia and attitudes, and indication of the effectiveness the positive needs-based approach in reducing aggression can prompt change in the attitudes of the staff. According to the findings of the study carried out by Nakahira et al. (2008, pp. 13 on attitudes towards dementia-related aggression among staff, staff characteristics such as level of education, years of experience, position, occupation and age are related to their attitu des. Staffs with higher position, more clinical experience and the older ones have positive attitudes towards patients’ aggression.It is therefore believed that education factors, and clinical experience influences the attitudes of the staff towards patient’s aggression hence appropriate education can be used to influence the negative attitudes of the staff towards aggressive individuals with dementia Based on the findings of the study carried out by Middleton et al. (1999) carried out to compare the staff’s attitude towards aggressive behaviour of patients with dementia in traditional unit and in special care unit, the staffs from the special care unit have sympathetic towards aggressive individuals with dementia than the staff in traditional unit.Although aggressive behaviour is more in special care unit than in traditional unit, the staff at the special care unit understands that the behaviours are part of the dementia disease thus they do not feel that the p atients intentionally directs the aggressiveness towards them as is it believed by staffs in traditional unit. Furthermore, the staffs’ attitudes and decision-making can be influenced by organisational factors. Staffs working in dementia units of gerontological and mental hospitals within acute hospitals have negative attitudes towards aggressive patients.By measuring the attitudes of staff towards aggressive individual s with dementia, areas requiring skill improvement or education can be identified and it can be used over time to monitors changes in attitudes. Staff education to change the negative attitudes should advocate that there are possibilities of unmet needs among individuals with dementia, and that aggressive behaviour is a form of communication used by the patient and that efforts to understand the message conveyed by the patient, and attempts to meet the possibly unmet needs lowers the aggression incidences.Conclusion Incidences of disruptive behavioural problem s such as agitation, aggression, rest-activity pattern and sleep wake disturbance are reported to be high in people with dementia. The specific determinants of disruptive behaviour are still unclear but predisposing factors are considered to be associated with the external factors such as the negative staff attitudes and environment. Environment has been increasingly recognized as a significant therapeutic element in care of individuals with dementia.Moreover, it is the major component in progressively lowered stress threshold model which states that the ability to adapt in individuals with dementia declines as the dementia progresses, the care givers should reduce the environmental demands to ensure that the level of the environmental demands is congruent with the abilities of individuals with dementia. Basically, disruptive behaviours are more often when the stress threshold of an individual is exceeded.Most of the intervention strategies given in the literature engage manipulatio n of physical and social environments to meet the unique needs and personalities of individuals with dementia. Patient-centred dementia care is recommended as it is based on the ethic that regardless of disabilities, all human beings have absolute value and need to be respected, and on the convictions that just like all other human beings, people with dementia are capable of living a fulfilling live.The principle central to patient-centred dementia care is that the life experience of the individuals, their network relationships and unique personalities should be valued and considered with constant attention by the staff giving the care. Staff education to change the negative attitudes should advocate that there are possibilities of unmet needs among individuals with dementia, and that aggressive behaviours are forms of communication used by the patient and that efforts to understand the message conveyed by the patient, and attempts to meet the possibly unmet needs lowers the aggress ion incidences. References: Ajzen, I (1988). Attitudes, behaviour and personality. Buckingham: Open University. Kitwood, T (1996). Building up mosaic of good practice. J DementCAre, 3, 12-13. Kitwood, T (1999). When your heart wants to remember: person- centred dementia care in RCN Nursing update. Nursing standards, 13, 1-22. Kitwood, T. (1997a). Dementia reconsidered: the person comes first. Buckingham: Open University, pp. 7-8, 91, Middle ton JI, Stewart NJ & Richardson. (1999) Caregivers distress; related to disruptive behaviours on special care units versus traditional long-term care units. Journal of Gerontological Nursing 25, 11-19. Morgan, D.G., & Stewart, N.J. (1997). The importance of the social environment in Dementia care. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 19(6), 740-761 Nakahira, Miwa, Moyle, Wedy, Creedy, Debra and Hitomi, Hiroe. (2008). Attitudes towards dementia-related aggression among staff among Japanese aged care setting. Clinical Nursing Journal, 18, 807- 816. Ryden, M, Bossenmaier, M and McLahlan, C (1991). Aggressive behaviour in cognitively impaired home residents.   Research in Nursing and Health14, 87-95. Sife, W (1998).   After stroke: enhancing quality of life. New York: Haworth, pp. 129-42 Thorngate W (1999).   Forget me not: some comments on  Ã‚  Ã‚   self-esteem among Alzheimer’s sufferers. Culture and Psychology, 5, 33-39.

Motivation Letter

N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 2200, Chicago, Illinois 60611 USA 4 October, 2010 Dear Sir/Madam, Sub: Motivation letter for applying ISTAT Scholarship. My diligence towards academics helped me to secure higher grades in my high school. I was very much interested to take up a career in aeronautical engineering and wanted to explore the entire world through my aeronautical knowledge. To put forward by views in my way In June 2006 I have started my Bachelors in Aeronautical engineering, Anna University, Chennai.To upgrade my knowledge in this field I have taken up MSc Aerospace in TUDelft. Currently I am in the first year of study. In my curriculum I have done aircraft design project titled as â€Å"Designing of 75-100 seater regional jetliner airplane†. This gave me more basic knowledge to design an aircraft and to increase its performance. I have completed designing courses and gained knowledge in many CAD & FEM tools such as AUTO CAD ,PRO-E,CATIA and ANSYS.To apply my knowledge in design field I have taken up CSWA exam and i have secured 70% in it . Now i am a certified solid works associate(CSWA). I have also done paper presentation in â€Å"Design of Handheld Vaccum Cleaner†,which I have been shortlisted as a finalist in the national event at SHAASTRA ,IIT MADRAS. I have also done another project in â€Å"Designing of Multiple disc brake † at a state level event conducted by Barry Wehmiller International Resources.Added to this, I have done my undergraduate project in â€Å"Confinement of snag and implementation of failsafe Design for IGV Actuator of TM-3332B2 Engine† at HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Bangalore. Another exciting and learning phase had been my experience in representing my college in AERO INDIA 2009, Bangalore Air show. There I had an great exposure to the world aviation market and this instilled me how to work for the constructive future. Currently I am involved in designing a Very light Aircraft (VLA) under the SS VOBB, in the Aerospace Engineering Department, TU Delft.Since I am from a developing country (India), my parents belong to lower socio economic status and will find it difficult to pay my tuition fees which is enormous when converted to Indian rupees. I have obtained bank loan for which interest rates are very high and my parents will be able to pay back only part of the amount that itself will take a long time. To minimize their burden and to continue my studies , I have applied for ISTAT Scholarship which will help me to fulfil my dreams in the fields of aviation. Yours Sincerely Vivekanandhan Sindhamani Motivation Letter Dear Madam/Sir The Programme Director of the M. A. (Terrorism, Safety & Security), C. S. U. Australia. My name is SURENDER SINGH. With this letter I hereby wish to state my interest for a place in Master of Arts in Terrorism, Safety & Security. I am convinced that the Master’s in Terrorism study corresponds with my future plans of building a career as counter-terrorism analyst. It is my dream & ambition to be admitted and pursue my post-graduate study in the field of counter-terrorism & international security in order to develop a career that leads to working across the world. I am graduated from Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra (INDIA) and received my degree in Bachelor of Arts with Mathematics & Economics as Major. 2nd time I was graduated in June 1994 from the University of Kurukshetra (INDIA) Faculty of Law and acquired my Bachelor of Laws (Professional) degree. During my schooling & tertiary education my motherland i. e. Punjab (India) was burning in the fire of terrorism. During my law study Punjab was facing post Sikh-terrorism period. I felt, faced and saw the dreaded psychological, economic, social, political impacts of terrorism on people, society, state & on nation. In December 1994 I started to work in the High Court of Punjab, Republic of India as a criminal lawyer. Being criminal lawyer I deal a wide variety of criminal cases of Murder, Narcotics, Corruption, Drugs, Money Laundering, Frauds under Indian Penal Code AND cases under TADA (Terrorist And Disruptive Act) both on prosecution & defence sides. This position provided me to identify causes, reasons behind crimes and give a chance to pip into the dark world of organized crimes & terrorism. The most valuable experience of understanding crimes for me has been started when I was selected in the year 2000 as Judge for very prestigious Punjab State Judicial Service. In my court many hardcore criminals, smugglers & terrorists appeared and stand up before me for criminal proceedings & trials. As Judge I able to understand & analyzed their behaviors, crime minds i. e. Mens rea, modus oparndi and causes behind their criminals acts, whether those are political, social, economic, deliberate or cross-boarder etc. I would finally like to add some professional qualities which I have developed in me as a permanent taste of competitiveness. Being Judicial Officer I joined number of Justice Department courses on law, crimes, computer forensic & e-governance etc. Keeping in mind the changing scenario of world, I also devoted my time for study of cyber crimes and passed the world class certifications MCP (Microsoft Certified Professional), MCSE (Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer), CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) & Unix+. I also upgrade my knowledge about Organized crimes, money laundering & financing of terrorism. I am presently also member of ACFE (Association of Certified Fraud Examiners). Of an exceptional motivation, I strongly imply myself in my academic & professional activities to carry out my objectives. My communication skills (oral & written) are unmatchable. I am excellent in English language as the medium of instruction & examination of my degrees (both B. A. and LL. B. ) is English. Since 1994 I am working in English only, as the proceedings of courts under Punjab High Courts are English. Besides this I also perfect in Hindi, Urdu & Punjabi languages. Years ago I choose to build my future in India and do all I can to make a difference in my society. Now, I want to put my best efforts in the Global war against terrorism and want to save & secure my Australian brothers & sisters. The ambition which I have just exposed to you would not be realized without a solid theoretical background and a strong real world experience specialized in the field of counter-terrorism. A completion of this Master’s from C. S. U. will be an excellent springboard for my future career and will provide me the knowledge, confidence and contacts to realize my dreams. Thank you very much for considering my request. I look forward to your positive response. Sincerely yours, SURENDER SINGH. Motivation Letter Motivation letter Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to express my interest in applying for †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. starting in September †¦.. I believe my educational background would enable me to make a strong contribution at the University. I mention that I have graduate in year†¦.. from the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and got a bachelor degree in †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. My academic performance was always on top of class. I have been an active member of the student Union where I have been involved in the development of several engineering and projects.Moreover I can say that I would like to continue my studies in order to gain knowledge and experiences by academic research and I believe a Master Degree Programme in†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ would offer me the possibility of receiving the complete picture of all aspects of this field. The reason for choosing this specific Master Programme comes from the fact that in the near future I would like to get to know more things regarding the fundamental disciplines of †¦.. and acquire a broad overview of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..I already got some ideas in my head, but unfortunately until now I did not have the right knowledge and the right tools for putting them in practice and that is why I know that this Master Programme would be an excellent starting point for me. Also if I will get selected for this program I will have the opportunity to learn from the best and the fact that I will study in an international environment will give me the privilege to create new relationships with people from different cultures.I am also aware of the kind of dedication and perseverance I will need to have for achieving the best results in the field and I believe my background will qualify me for such a Master Programme. Finally I can say that I look forward to join this Master Degree Programme †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. in order to prove my abilities and gain new skills and I will be patiently waiting for a positive reply. Motivation Letter N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 2200, Chicago, Illinois 60611 USA 4 October, 2010 Dear Sir/Madam, Sub: Motivation letter for applying ISTAT Scholarship. My diligence towards academics helped me to secure higher grades in my high school. I was very much interested to take up a career in aeronautical engineering and wanted to explore the entire world through my aeronautical knowledge. To put forward by views in my way In June 2006 I have started my Bachelors in Aeronautical engineering, Anna University, Chennai.To upgrade my knowledge in this field I have taken up MSc Aerospace in TUDelft. Currently I am in the first year of study. In my curriculum I have done aircraft design project titled as â€Å"Designing of 75-100 seater regional jetliner airplane†. This gave me more basic knowledge to design an aircraft and to increase its performance. I have completed designing courses and gained knowledge in many CAD & FEM tools such as AUTO CAD ,PRO-E,CATIA and ANSYS.To apply my knowledge in design field I have taken up CSWA exam and i have secured 70% in it . Now i am a certified solid works associate(CSWA). I have also done paper presentation in â€Å"Design of Handheld Vaccum Cleaner†,which I have been shortlisted as a finalist in the national event at SHAASTRA ,IIT MADRAS. I have also done another project in â€Å"Designing of Multiple disc brake † at a state level event conducted by Barry Wehmiller International Resources.Added to this, I have done my undergraduate project in â€Å"Confinement of snag and implementation of failsafe Design for IGV Actuator of TM-3332B2 Engine† at HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Bangalore. Another exciting and learning phase had been my experience in representing my college in AERO INDIA 2009, Bangalore Air show. There I had an great exposure to the world aviation market and this instilled me how to work for the constructive future. Currently I am involved in designing a Very light Aircraft (VLA) under the SS VOBB, in the Aerospace Engineering Department, TU Delft.Since I am from a developing country (India), my parents belong to lower socio economic status and will find it difficult to pay my tuition fees which is enormous when converted to Indian rupees. I have obtained bank loan for which interest rates are very high and my parents will be able to pay back only part of the amount that itself will take a long time. To minimize their burden and to continue my studies , I have applied for ISTAT Scholarship which will help me to fulfil my dreams in the fields of aviation. Yours Sincerely Vivekanandhan Sindhamani Motivation Letter Dear, Global Youth Ambassador ProgramWith this letter, I would like to express my interest in joining Global Youth Ambassador Program. As student who joining an organization, I am typical person who interest to challenge my self to discover new experience with a different world from my comfort zone life. Beside looking new experience, I like make a friends, I can build a good climates with other people . People know me as friendly person, but become a friendly person there is negative impact that gain from my self. Sometimes I wonder that people is not comfort stay beside me because I am a person who interest in talking, but being a fussy person is the way making friends for me. In an organization life, I strive for having ability to communicate with others and also well time organize is the important one that I must apply in my organization life.Discover a new challenge in life is my typical, when my friends telling me that AISEC held a program which is travel across the world to go through a cultural learning experience while working for project and NGO’s that purpose to build positive impact in society, I feel so challenged to join this program. As I ever experienced in one of President University Charity Club’s program that is teaching especially for English lesson to children in rural area, I want to involved more my social project by joining this Global Youth Ambassador Program. I will dedicate my hard work to succeed this this program by participating in every activities held by this program. I believe I can meet the requirement, and I hope for positive reply. you can contact me via telephone +6285324875757 or email : [email  protected].comSincerely,Hani Widiya Oktaviani Motivation Letter Knowing more about how objects around us function has always enthralled me. My childhood dream job was to become a pilot; but as I matured, I realized that my dream is to see an airplane, that I have designed, fly. I have found nothing to be more amazing than to make plans, combine parts and at the end watch, what I have built, work. I am always ready to learn new things, especially those that represent a challenge for me. I graduated with a Bachelor's Degree in Mechanical Engineering in the branch of industrial engineering from Vel Tech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Technical University.I did my mini project on engine the theme â€Å"To decrease the heat losses in engine using ceramic coating to increase the thermal efficiency and fuel efficiency of the engine†. I am doing my main project in production industry â€Å"Shardlow India limited† which is crankshaft manufacturing industry using hot forging. I did my project in increasing the efficiency of furnace. The theme was â€Å"To increase the efficiency of oil-fired furnace by recovering the waste heat and preheating the combustion air† to reduce the fuel consumption and inducing a waste heat recovery system.Meanwhile I have started my internship at Brakes India Limited a leading manufacturing of brakes in world. During my internship, I have learnt about various responsibilities including analyzing customers’ needs, interpreting demands to working systems based on braking, running feasibility studies and providing new solutions for higher efficiency in systems. I have taken part in workshops and training courses in order to extend my knowledge on manufacturing systems. I believe that my experience as an intern at Brakes India Limited is the main reason that drives me to study in Europe.I have acquired sound knowledge of leading edge engineering principles, tools, practices with emphasis on designing, building and testing systems and now these experiences push me forward to learn more and to take a new horizon to gain more experience. Studying Mechanical Engineering in a country, which is the cradle of this science and origin of technological wonders, is a good opportunity for me to improve my knowledge both practically and theoretically. I expect that this master program provides me chance to get to know with mechanical systems andaffiliates me to the industries, which are living examples of the art of mechanics. I hope that I can gain more experience in dealing with situations, people, systems, demands that will be of a great help to me for my future career. Studying at your multicultural university enables me to improve my interpersonal talents. I would be learning in one of the best universities in Europe. Besides, I will have the opportunity to develop myself in an international environment giving me the privilege to meet new people with different points of view.That would be very enriching experience for me. I realize the highly competitive demands of the program, but I have the ability, ambition and motivation to exceed the requirements and to excel at the university. I am eager to gain new experiences, and, in my opinion, this program is the best way to achieve that. I am positive that the Aalto University, Finland and especially the mechanical engineering master program would be an excellent start for an ambitious business career. Therefore, I would be very proud and happy if I could be a part of this prestigious university. Motivation Letter Motivation letter Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to express my interest in applying for †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. starting in September †¦.. I believe my educational background would enable me to make a strong contribution at the University. I mention that I have graduate in year†¦.. from the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and got a bachelor degree in †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. My academic performance was always on top of class. I have been an active member of the student Union where I have been involved in the development of several engineering and projects.Moreover I can say that I would like to continue my studies in order to gain knowledge and experiences by academic research and I believe a Master Degree Programme in†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ would offer me the possibility of receiving the complete picture of all aspects of this field. The reason for choosing this specific Master Programme comes from the fact that in the near future I would like to get to know more things regarding the fundamental disciplines of †¦.. and acquire a broad overview of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..I already got some ideas in my head, but unfortunately until now I did not have the right knowledge and the right tools for putting them in practice and that is why I know that this Master Programme would be an excellent starting point for me. Also if I will get selected for this program I will have the opportunity to learn from the best and the fact that I will study in an international environment will give me the privilege to create new relationships with people from different cultures.I am also aware of the kind of dedication and perseverance I will need to have for achieving the best results in the field and I believe my background will qualify me for such a Master Programme. Finally I can say that I look forward to join this Master Degree Programme †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. in order to prove my abilities and gain new skills and I will be patiently waiting for a positive reply. Motivation Letter N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 2200, Chicago, Illinois 60611 USA 4 October, 2010 Dear Sir/Madam, Sub: Motivation letter for applying ISTAT Scholarship. My diligence towards academics helped me to secure higher grades in my high school. I was very much interested to take up a career in aeronautical engineering and wanted to explore the entire world through my aeronautical knowledge. To put forward by views in my way In June 2006 I have started my Bachelors in Aeronautical engineering, Anna University, Chennai.To upgrade my knowledge in this field I have taken up MSc Aerospace in TUDelft. Currently I am in the first year of study. In my curriculum I have done aircraft design project titled as â€Å"Designing of 75-100 seater regional jetliner airplane†. This gave me more basic knowledge to design an aircraft and to increase its performance. I have completed designing courses and gained knowledge in many CAD & FEM tools such as AUTO CAD ,PRO-E,CATIA and ANSYS.To apply my knowledge in design field I have taken up CSWA exam and i have secured 70% in it . Now i am a certified solid works associate(CSWA). I have also done paper presentation in â€Å"Design of Handheld Vaccum Cleaner†,which I have been shortlisted as a finalist in the national event at SHAASTRA ,IIT MADRAS. I have also done another project in â€Å"Designing of Multiple disc brake † at a state level event conducted by Barry Wehmiller International Resources.Added to this, I have done my undergraduate project in â€Å"Confinement of snag and implementation of failsafe Design for IGV Actuator of TM-3332B2 Engine† at HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Bangalore. Another exciting and learning phase had been my experience in representing my college in AERO INDIA 2009, Bangalore Air show. There I had an great exposure to the world aviation market and this instilled me how to work for the constructive future. Currently I am involved in designing a Very light Aircraft (VLA) under the SS VOBB, in the Aerospace Engineering Department, TU Delft.Since I am from a developing country (India), my parents belong to lower socio economic status and will find it difficult to pay my tuition fees which is enormous when converted to Indian rupees. I have obtained bank loan for which interest rates are very high and my parents will be able to pay back only part of the amount that itself will take a long time. To minimize their burden and to continue my studies , I have applied for ISTAT Scholarship which will help me to fulfil my dreams in the fields of aviation. Yours Sincerely Vivekanandhan Sindhamani

Great Pride And Respectability For One s Achievements

To take great pride and respectability for one’s achievements is to understand the underlying foundation of the term ‘glory’. The term itself is as authoritative and pertinent as the portrayal it signifies in the historical film Glory. The representations of honorable historical figures such as Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, Frederick Douglass and Jefferson Davis, not only seems to shed light upon the particular instances that built up to the outset of the Civil War, but also demonstrates their persona’s as different individuals with ultimately the same intention; to hold power. Their strong-willed characteristics strengthened by their ambitions shows not only their virtue but also their intense desire to bring the war and controversies to an†¦show more content†¦Some individuals saw it as a war for the freedom of the Slaves with either wanting to put slavery to an end or defending it. It later became a part of the sole reason for this war as African A mericans were being taken in to battle. Of course they were seen as the submissive, often being thought of as uneducated, uncivilized and unconscionable men and it didn’t come to their attention that they were to be used of only for their manual labour. Though the African American men were seen as an inferior, and either as a second or third class citizen given little to almost no importance, Col. Robert Gould Shaw not only wanted for his brave men to fight, but also gave them a chance to prove themselves wrong from the assumptions being made. He wanted to show that they were not only good for their manual labour, but also for protecting and fulfilling their duties as American citizens. Fighting for their country is something they thought the Black men could never do and were almost afraid to see that come true, for it might pose them as equals to the Whites. It can be argued from the portrayal through Glory, that if the Black men were to fight and if they were to succeed, then what would be the difference between them and the other white soldiers?